diff --git a/src/ai/memory.py b/src/ai/memory.py
index 8ea4751..76151ae 100644
--- a/src/ai/memory.py
+++ b/src/ai/memory.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 """
 import asyncio
 import hashlib
+import shutil
+import time
 import uuid
 from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Callable, Awaitable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -98,18 +100,60 @@ class MemorySystem:
         
         # 初始化向量存储
         if use_vector_db:
-            try:
-                # 使用 Chroma 向量数据库
-                chroma_path = storage_path.parent / "chroma_db"
-                self.vector_store: VectorStore = ChromaVectorStore(chroma_path)
+            chroma_path = storage_path.parent / "chroma_db"
+            chroma_store = self._init_chroma_store(chroma_path)
+            if chroma_store is not None:
+                self.vector_store = chroma_store
                 logger.info("Using Chroma vector store")
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Chroma 初始化失败，降级为 JSON 存储: {e}")
+            else:
                 self.vector_store = JSONVectorStore(storage_path)
         else:
             # 使用 JSON 存储（向后兼容）
             self.vector_store = JSONVectorStore(storage_path)
             logger.info("使用 JSON 存储")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_chroma_table_conflict(error: Exception) -> bool:
+        msg = str(error).lower()
+        return "table embeddings already exists" in msg
+
+    def _init_chroma_store(self, chroma_path: Path) -> Optional[VectorStore]:
+        """初始化 Chroma，遇到已知 sqlite schema 冲突时尝试修复。"""
+        try:
+            return ChromaVectorStore(chroma_path)
+        except Exception as error:
+            if not self._is_chroma_table_conflict(error):
+                logger.warning(f"Chroma 初始化失败，降级为 JSON 存储: {error}")
+                return None
+
+            # 先做一次短暂重试，处理并发启动时的瞬时冲突。
+            logger.warning(f"Chroma 初始化出现 schema 冲突，正在重试: {error}")
+            time.sleep(0.2)
+            try:
+                return ChromaVectorStore(chroma_path)
+            except Exception as retry_error:
+                if not self._is_chroma_table_conflict(retry_error):
+                    logger.warning(f"Chroma 重试失败，降级为 JSON 存储: {retry_error}")
+                    return None
+
+            backup_name = (
+                f"{chroma_path.name}_backup_conflict_"
+                f"{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+            )
+            backup_path = chroma_path.parent / backup_name
+
+            try:
+                if chroma_path.exists():
+                    shutil.move(str(chroma_path), str(backup_path))
+                chroma_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                repaired = ChromaVectorStore(chroma_path)
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"检测到 Chroma 元数据库冲突，已重建目录并保留备份: {backup_path}"
+                )
+                return repaired
+            except Exception as repair_error:
+                logger.warning(f"Chroma 修复失败，降级为 JSON 存储: {repair_error}")
+                return None
     
     @staticmethod
     def _normalize_embedding(values: List[float], dim: int = 1024) -> List[float]:
@@ -463,4 +507,3 @@ class MemorySystem:
     async def close(self):
         """关闭记忆系统。"""
         await self.vector_store.close()
-
diff --git a/tests/test_memory_chroma_recovery.py b/tests/test_memory_chroma_recovery.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09a5777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_memory_chroma_recovery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import src.ai.memory as memory_module
+
+
+class _FakeJSONStore:
+    def __init__(self, storage_path: Path):
+        self.storage_path = storage_path
+
+
+def test_memory_retries_once_on_chroma_conflict(monkeypatch, tmp_path: Path):
+    class _FlakyChroma:
+        calls = 0
+
+        def __init__(self, persist_directory: Path):
+            type(self).calls += 1
+            self.persist_directory = persist_directory
+            if type(self).calls == 1:
+                raise RuntimeError("table embeddings already exists")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "ChromaVectorStore", _FlakyChroma)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "JSONVectorStore", _FakeJSONStore)
+
+    memory = memory_module.MemorySystem(
+        storage_path=tmp_path / "long_term_memory.json",
+        use_vector_db=True,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(memory.vector_store, _FlakyChroma)
+    assert _FlakyChroma.calls == 2
+
+
+def test_memory_rebuilds_chroma_directory_when_conflict_persists(monkeypatch, tmp_path: Path):
+    class _RecoverOnThirdTryChroma:
+        calls = 0
+
+        def __init__(self, persist_directory: Path):
+            type(self).calls += 1
+            self.persist_directory = persist_directory
+            if type(self).calls <= 2:
+                raise RuntimeError("table embeddings already exists")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "ChromaVectorStore", _RecoverOnThirdTryChroma)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "JSONVectorStore", _FakeJSONStore)
+
+    storage_root = tmp_path / "ai"
+    chroma_dir = storage_root / "chroma_db"
+    chroma_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (chroma_dir / "marker.txt").write_text("legacy-data", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    memory = memory_module.MemorySystem(
+        storage_path=storage_root / "long_term_memory.json",
+        use_vector_db=True,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(memory.vector_store, _RecoverOnThirdTryChroma)
+    assert _RecoverOnThirdTryChroma.calls == 3
+
+    backups = sorted(storage_root.glob("chroma_db_backup_conflict_*"))
+    assert backups, "expected backup directory after repair"
+    assert (backups[-1] / "marker.txt").exists()
+    assert chroma_dir.exists()
+
+
+def test_memory_falls_back_to_json_if_chroma_repair_fails(monkeypatch, tmp_path: Path):
+    class _AlwaysFailChroma:
+        def __init__(self, persist_directory: Path):
+            raise RuntimeError("table embeddings already exists")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "ChromaVectorStore", _AlwaysFailChroma)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "JSONVectorStore", _FakeJSONStore)
+
+    memory = memory_module.MemorySystem(
+        storage_path=tmp_path / "long_term_memory.json",
+        use_vector_db=True,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(memory.vector_store, _FakeJSONStore)